Cylinder construction



June 17, 1941. W, M, SPRENG ETAL v2.246392 CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 13, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet J,

W. M. SPRENG ETAL CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION June 17, 1941.

Filed Jan. 13, 1940 s sheets-sheet 2 June 17, 1941. w, M,$PRENG ETAL 2,246,392

CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION F1 d Jan. 15, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ma L. F Ey ATTORNEYS iiatentec .lune l?, wdl

CiZlllNDEfR CGNSTRUCTION Application January 13, 1940, Serial No. 313,740

6 Claims.

This invention relates to cylinder construction and more particularly cylinder liners for pumps and the like. The invention is illustrated as applied to pumps but it is obvious that this invention is applicable to various types of engines and machines wherein one yor more cylinders is utilized in the construction of the device.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved cylinder liner which can be readily removed and replaced without tearing down or dismantling of the pump or machine other than the removal of a cap at the iront of the cylinder through which the liner may be removed.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved cylinder liner construction wherein no gaskets, screw threads, tie bolts, clamps, swaged surfaces, etc., are necessary to retain the cylinder in position.

Another object is to provide an improved cylinder liner wherein all that is necessary to remove it from the cylinder body or housing is to' strike the small end of the cylinder liner a sharp blow.

Another object is to provide an improved cylinder liner which may be positioned in a pump or machine assembly horizontally, vertically or at any angle and is wedgingly retained in position without the aid of attaching devices of any kind.

Another object is to provide a friction t cylinder liner wherein the pressure from the inside of the pump or engine cylinder against the large end of the cylinder serves to keep it in place and pack the joints between the two members against leakage.

Another object is to provide an improved cylinder assembly wherein the cylinder body or housing is tapered internally and the cylinder liner is tapered externally so that when the cylinder shell is assembled in the housing, a close nt is secured between the two members, and after inserting the cylinder liner the same may be seated securely by administering a slight blow on the large end of the cylinder liner.

Still another object is to devise a cylinder which is inexpensive to construct, requires no gaskets and ls easy to install and remove.

These and other objects and advantages will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art taken in connection with the specification and drawings which form a part of this invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation view in section of a single action pump illustrating the use of a. tapered cylinder liner of this invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken through the cylinder liner showing the tapered wall construction thereof;

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view in elevation showing a double acting pump cylinder body wherein a tapered cylinder liner similarly as in Figure 2 forms a part of the assembly;

Figure 4 is a similar cross sectional elevation view as in Figure 3, showing a modied double acting pump mechanism and illustrating a different iorm of tapered cylinder liner and mounting.

General assembly Referring to the drawings in detail, the reference character I0 represents a gear case housing and machine frame in which are mounted a gear Il and pinion I2. The lower part oi' the gear casing is adapted to be filled with lubricating oil to provide Vproper lubrication for the moving parts, as illustrated in Figure 1.

Pinion I2 is keyed to the shaft I3 which in turn is'driven by a suitable prime mover, not shown. Attached to the crank pin I5, eccentrically mounted on the gear II, is a connecting rod I6. v-The connecting rod I6 is mounted for rotation on the crank pin I5 by means of the anti-friction bearing Il, and the connecting rod is fastened at its opposite end to the crosshead member I8 which is adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder guide member I9. A piston rod 20 joins the crosshead member I8 with the compression piston cup plunger 2l. Oil is prevented from passing along the piston rod 20 outward to the piston cup member 2i by the oil retainer means 22, as shown in Figure 1. The wiping action of the retainer 22 also prevents any of the liquid being pumped, which might follow along the piston rod, from entering the gear case and diluting the oil. This function is in addition to the function of preventing the oil from getting out of the gear case along the piston rod.

The compression cup plunger 2| and associated parts reciprocate in the cylinder liner 24, the construction of which forms the principal feature of this invention. The pump mechanism shown in Figure 1 also comprises the inlet and outlet valves 25 and which are arranged in the compression head member 2l adjacent the outer end of the cylinder 2|.

As illustrated in Figurel the cylinder body portion 33 comprises straight section of uniform thickness. The forward end of the tapered portion 32 preferably is beveled as at 34. In assembling the cylinder liner 24 it is merely inserted in the cylinder body or housing and frictionally fitted in position along the tapered thick portion 32 of the forward part of the cylinder liner and a close fit is secured by slightly tapping the large end of the cylinder liner as at P.

This provides an improved cylinder liner construction wherein the liner can be readily removed and replaced without tearing down or dismantling the pump and eliminates the use of gaskets, bolts, clamping means and the like for retaining the liner in proper position. Moreover, the pressure of the fluid being pumped against the thickened increasedarea end portion P (Figures l and 2) assists in holding the liner in xed position relative to the cylinder housing. The liner is in this Way maintained in wedging engagement with the housing by the uid pressure exerted against the thicker end wall portion of the cylinder liner.

The outer wall of the cylinder liner along the tapered surface 32 is preferably machined free of coarse tool marks so as to form a smooth surface. The inner bore of the cylinder will be of the desired diameter. When using a cylinder lining having a bore of 2% inches in diameter a taper of approximately 3A of an inch per foot is used in forming the tapered portion 32 of the cylinder liner.

In the cylinder construction illustrated in Figure 3 a similar tapered cylinder generally designated is shown in a double acting pump assembly. The double acting punp mechanism comprises the casing 4I having a cylinder liner housing 42 which has internally tapered portions 43 for frictionally receiving the tapered cylinder liner portion 44. A close fit is thus provided between tne housing 42 and similar liner 4U at the thickened tapered portion 44 which effectively seals the end of the cylinder against uid leakage. [The cylinder Wall 45 extending from the tapered section 44 to the other end of the cylinder is made of substantially uniform thickness andis preferably spaced from the cylinder housing as shown at 45.

A piston 41 is arranged to reciprocate in the bore of the cylinder 4D by movement to and fro of the piston rod 48 which extends outwardly through the stuffing box 49 in the end of the pump casing 4l. Fluid inlet and outlet means 50 and 5I are arranged in communication with the pump cylinder 40 and passage of the fluid through the inlet and outlet ports is controlled by the valve members 52 and 53, respectively.

In the modification shown in Figure 4 the double acting pump illustrated is provided with a cylinder liner generally designated 55.- The cylinder liner in this instance comprises the tapered sections 56 and 51 which are arranged at opposite ends of the cylinder. The external diameter of the tapered cylinder portion 51 is made less than the opposite end to permit ready assembly of the cylinder liner in the cylinder housing 58. A straight section 59 is formed between the tapered end portions 56 and 51 of the cylinder liner as shown in Figure 4.

The cylinder housing 58 comprises internally tapered end sections 60 and 6l which are adapted to form a fluid tight seal with the cylinder liner parts and 51 respectively. Preferably the intermediate portion of the housing 58 is spaced from the cylinder liner as shown at 62.

The associated mechanism of the double acting pump comprises a piston 65 and inlet and outlet valve control fluid ports 66 and 61. Fluid movement through the inlet port is controlled by the check valve S8 and the iluid outlet passageways are controlled by the spring pressed valve members 10.

In construction the cylinder liner of this invention, other locations ofthe taper and modifications of the shape of the cylinder may be made as desired.

The cylindrical liner will be made of suitable material, depending on the uid or material with which it is to come in contact. Porcelain, glass or rubber lined steel may be utilized Where the -uid being handled attacks metal or similar material. The cylinder bore will be machined when metal is used, or treated so as to provide the desired diameter for the plunger or piston to be employed.

It will be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular details of construction illustrated and that various modifications and changes ma'y be made to accommodate din'erent conditions and uses without departing from the spirit oi this invention.

Having thus fully described our invention,

what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An improved construction for pumps and the like comprising a cylinder housing, a cylinder liner positioned in said housing, piston means arranged for reciprocation therein, said cylinder liner being tube-shaped throughout its length and having a tapered side wall surface portion, said cylinder housing comprising a reverse tapered inner wall portion adapted to be engaged by said cylinder liner tapered side wall portion to provide a friction t circumferentially of said liner, said cylinder liner being arranged in said housing so that the pressure exerted by the uid being pumped against the exposed end portion of said cylinder liner assists in holding said liner in xed position relative to vsaid housing.

2. An improved construction for pumps and the like comprising a piston, a removable cylinder liner in which said piston is adapted to be reciprocated, a housing for said cylinder liner.

said cylinder liner being tubular shaped from end to end and having tapered thicker side wall means adjacent one end, said cylinder housing having reverse tapered opposed innervwall surface portions for providing wedging engagement with said tapered thicker side wall of said cylinder liner, said cylinder liner being maintained xed relative to said housing by said wedging engagement and by the fluid pressure exerted against the rim of the cylinder liner at the thicker side wall end portion. I

3. An improved construction for pumps and the like comprising a, cylinder housing, and a cylinder liner frictionally held in said housing,

said cylinder liner consisting of a tubular sleeve having a tapered external wall portion to provide a friction t circumferentially of said liner with said housing, said cylinder liner being arranged in said housing se that the pressure exerted by the uid being pumped against the exposed end portion of said cylinder liner assists in holding said liner in xed position relative to said housing.

4. An improved construction for pumps and the like comprising a cylinder housing, a cylinder liner frictionally held in said housing, said cylinder liner being open at both ends and shaped to form a tubular sleeve, said cylinder liner comprising uniformly tapered outer wall integral portions adjacent each end, and corresponding opposed tapered portions on said housing for frictionally receiving and xedly retaining said cylinder liner in said housing, said cylinder liner being maintained in position by said frictionai engagement and by the fluid pressure exerted against the rim portion of said cylinder liner.

5. An improved construction for engine cylinders and the like comprising a cylinder housing, a cylinder liner positioned in saidhousing, and piston means reciprocable therein, said cylinder liner consisting of a'tubular sleeve having tapered outer wall means for irictionally engaging with juxtaposed housing wall surfaces to provide a friction fit for said liner in said housing, said cylinder liner being arranged in said housing so that the pressure exerted by the fluid admitted to said cylinder liner assists in holding said liner in fixed position relative to said housing.

6. An improved construction for engine cylinders and the like comprising a cylinder housing, a cylinder liner positioned in said housing, and piston means reciprocable therein, said cylinder liner consisting of a sleeve having substantially the same external diameter from end to end, said cylinder liner comprising a tapered outer wall section of slightly greater diameter than the remaining portion of said sleeve liner, said cylinder housing having a reverse tapered opposed inner wall surface section for providing friction engagementwith said tapered sleeve portion, said cylinder liner being maintained xed relative to said housing by said friction engagement and by the pressure of the fluid admitted to said cylinder liner during operation of said engine.

WARREN M. SPRENG. KARL L. FINLEY. 

